BorgWarner Inc (BWA) — Q2 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

Thank you, Chelsea. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today. We issued our earnings release earlier this morning. It's posted on our website, borgwarner.com, on our homepage and on our Investor Relations home page. With regard to our Investor Relations calendar, we will be attending multiple conferences between now and our next earnings release. Please see the Events section of our IR page for a full list. Before we begin, I would like to inform you that during this call, we may make forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties as detailed in our 10-K. Our actual results may differ significantly from the matters discussed today. During today's presentation, we'll highlight certain non-GAAP measures in order to provide a clearer picture of how the core business performed and for comparison purposes with prior periods. When you hear us say 'on a comparable basis,' that means excluding the impact of FX, net M&A and other non-comparable items. When you hear us say 'adjusted,' that means excluding non-comparable items. When you hear us say 'organic,' that means excluding the impact of FX and net M&A. We will also refer to our growth compared to our market. When you hear us say 'market,' that means the change in light and commercial vehicle production weighted for our geographic exposure. Lastly, starting in the third quarter of 2023, BorgWarner will no longer consolidate its Fuel Systems and Aftermarket segments. Results of those segments for all periods prior to the PHINIA's spin-off will be reflected as discontinued operations. Our guidance relates to our continuing operations, and our commentary on today's call will focus on those continuing operations, which includes looking at some results on a pro forma basis to reflect the spin-off. We will not answer questions related to the performance of the Fuel Systems and Aftermarket segments. Please direct them to PHINIA, which will conduct their earnings call on Monday, August 7. Please note that we've posted today's earnings call presentation to the IR page of our website. We encourage you to follow along with these slides during the discussion. With that, I'm happy to turn the call over to Fréd.

Thank you, Pat, and good day, everyone. We're very pleased to share our results for the second quarter 2023 and provide an overall company update, starting on Slide 5. With approximately $3.7 billion in sales, we delivered 22% organic growth in the quarter. Our margin performance was strong and positively impacted by the growth and by customer pricing. Our free cash flow usage in the quarter reflected our planned capital spending to support our eProduct growth as well as the working capital usage. Importantly, our Charging Forward progress continued on multiple fronts. We received several new product awards since our last earnings report as well as securing an additional long-term component supply agreement. In June, we unveiled Charging Forward 2027, which summarizes the next steps in our accelerating eProducts portfolio. We also released our 2023 Sustainability Report, which highlighted the progress we have made towards meeting our environmental stewardship, social responsibility and governance objectives and outlined additional goals for 2023 and beyond. We announced the planned acquisition of the electric and hybrid segments of Eldor Corporation. And lastly, on July 3, we completed the spin-off of PHINIA. I would like to wish the PHINIA team good luck as they move forward as an independent company. Now let's turn to Slide 6. Summarizing Charging Forward 2027, which we unveiled at our Investor Day back in June. Charging Forward 2027 builds on the success that we've had with our initial Charging Forward strategy that we announced back in March 2021. Charging Forward 2027 has three pillars. The first pillar is to continue our eProducts growth. We're expecting more than $10 billion of eProduct revenue in 2027 compared to an estimated $2.3 billion to $2.4 billion in 2023, and an estimated $5.6 billion in 2025. This $10 billion target for eProducts was the sales of the overall company in 2019. So this gives you an idea of how purposefully we're moving. The second pillar is eProducts profitability. We continue to move towards breaking even on those products by the end of this year. On the Charging Forward 2027, we set a target of 7% adjusted operating margin in 2027 on our way to double-digit margin later in the decade. The third pillar relates to our foundational products that remain after the spin-off of PHINIA. Here, we want to maintain our strong top quartile margins and really maximize the value of those foundational products. These three pillars are simple, they are clear and measurable. As in the past, we will update you on our progress over time. On Slide 7, I would like to discuss the planned acquisition of the electric and hybrid segment of Eldor Corporation, which was announced in late June. We believe Eldor's portfolio of high-voltage boxes, DC/DC converters and onboard chargers will be a great complement to BorgWarner's ePropulsion portfolio, particularly as it relates to expanding in high-voltage power electronics beyond the inverters. Relative to our Charging Forward 2027 targets, we expect the acquisition to generate about EUR 250 million in additional 2027 sales, after synergies. The acquisition is as much about the portfolio and engineering capabilities as it is about short-term projected sales. We expect the Eldor acquisition to augment our existing resources with additional scale, capacity and capabilities with more than 100 engineers, two facilities and more than EUR 125 million of R&D investments that have been deployed by Eldor over the last five years. We estimate that power electronics outside of inverters is a $31 billion addressable market by 2030. The onboard charger market is more fragmented and is trending towards high voltage and combination boxes. Until this point, BorgWarner's success in inverters has largely consumed our power electronics engineering resources. Eldor's experienced engineering team will now provide the base for BorgWarner to grow even faster in onboard chargers and other power electronics. We will build upon this strong base to accelerate our program pursuits. Next, on Slide 8. Let's look at the long-term agreement that we announced with onsemi during the quarter. The resiliency and flexibility of our supply base will become even more important as we rapidly grow our eProduct portfolio. Based on the growth of our power electronics products, we expect to purchase close to 200 million semiconductor dies annually by 2027. By the same year, our inverter business is expected to be 70% silicon carbide based with almost 50% of our inverters being 800 volts. This really highlights the need to partner with quality semiconductor suppliers. Over the last quarters, we've taken several steps to secure the long-term supply agreements necessary to support our growth. In late 2022, we announced a significant capacity corridor for silicon carbide supply with Wolfspeed. We're now expanding our strategic collaboration for silicon carbide with onsemi. As a result, with agreements to date, you can see the strong mix of semiconductor suppliers we now have in place to support our strong growth. Now let's look at some new product awards on Slide 9. First, BorgWarner has been selected by a leading Chinese OEM to supply its IDM for hybrid vehicles expected to start production in 2024. The provided IDM comprises dual inverter units, dual eMotors and then eGear ensuring reliable durability. We're pleased to continue our collaboration with this leading Chinese OEM, further strengthening the partnership through supplying our IDM product. Next, BorgWarner has been selected by a major East Asian OEM to supply eMotor and inverter for the automaker's new electric vehicle platform. We're very pleased to continue our longstanding relationship with this major East Asian OEM. And finally, BorgWarner has secured a contract with a thermal and energy management solution supplier to deliver high-voltage coolant and heaters for use on a series of three electric vehicle platforms for a major OEM. Our heaters will be added to the supplier's heating and cooling module and will be used to provide heat to the battery pack and cabin in BEV. The takeaways from today are this: BorgWarner's second quarter results were strong. We delivered strong organic growth and margin performance. We expect another year of strong top line growth in 2023. Our top line guidance is also increasing modestly based on our industry outlook and customer pricing actions. Looking beyond the near term, we believe we are successfully executing on our long-term strategy, Charging Forward 2027, has now laid out the path forward for BorgWarner for the next four years, and we plan to continue to share our successes along this journey. And with that, let me turn the call over to Kevin.

Thank you, Fréd, and good morning, everyone. Here are the two key takeaways from our second quarter financial results. First, we reported double-digit organic revenue growth driven by higher industry production and outgrowth in Europe and China. Second, our margin performance was strong, driven by solid conversion on higher revenue and customer recoveries of material cost inflation more than offsetting higher input costs coming from our suppliers. Let's turn to Slide 10 for a look at our year-over-year revenue walk for Q2. Pro forma for the spin-off of PHINIA, last year's Q2 revenue was just over $3 billion. You can see that the strengthening U.S. dollar drove a year-over-year decrease in revenue of approximately 1% or $33 million. Then you can see the increase in our organic revenue about 22% year-over-year. That compares to an approximately 15% increase in weighted average market production. Finally, the acquisitions of Santroll, Rhombus and SSE added $18 million to revenue year-over-year. The sum of all this was just under $3.7 billion of revenue in Q2. Turning to Slide 11. You can see our earnings and cash flow performance for the quarter. Our pro forma second quarter adjusted operating income was $369 million equating to a 10.1% margin. That compares to pro forma adjusted operating income of $258 million or 8.5% from a year ago. On a comparable basis, excluding the impact of foreign exchange and the impact of M&A, adjusted operating income increased $126 million on $667 million of higher sales. The biggest positive driver of this performance was that we converted approximately 18% on our additional sales. In addition, our customer recoveries in the second quarter, net of material cost inflation from our suppliers were an $11 million tailwind year-over-year. You'll recall that last quarter, we were incurring supplier cost inflation with very little in the way of customer recoveries to offset that headwind. In Q2, we negotiated a number of settlements with our customers that contemplated recoveries of material cost inflation for both Q2 and Q1. Because we essentially under-recovered inflation in Q1 and over-recovered in Q2, when you think about the jump-off for our go-forward margin performance, you should really be looking at the total first half performance, not any individual quarter. Pro forma for the spin-off of PHINIA, our adjusted EPS improved by $0.31 compared to a year ago, driven almost entirely by the increase in our adjusted operating income. Turning to free cash flow. Excluding one-time costs, our free cash flow was a $42 million usage during the second quarter due to higher capital spending to support our growth in eProducts and increased working capital related to our sequentially increasing revenue and the customer recoveries that we booked late in the quarter but have not yet collected. Now let's take a look at our full year outlook on Slide 12. First, as Pat mentioned, our full year guidance now reflects the spin-off of PHINIA and treats the prior period results of those particular segments as discontinued operations, which importantly is not reflected in many of the external estimates within the Street consensus. Starting with foreign currencies, our guidance now assumes an expected full year headwind from weaker currencies of $35 million. This is a headwind of $111 million in revenue versus our prior guidance, with the Chinese yuan being the largest driver of the change in our outlook. Second, we expect organic growth of approximately 13% to 16% year-over-year compared to our prior guidance of 10% to 15%. The increase is driven predominantly by our higher production outlook, reflecting the stronger first half volumes. However, our assumption for inflation cost recoveries from our customers has also increased modestly. As it relates to eProduct revenue, we're expecting to deliver between $2.3 billion and $2.4 billion in 2023, which is up from the approximately $1.5 billion we generated in 2022. As you can see, we've adjusted the high end of this outlook versus our prior guidance primarily related to two things. First, we're experiencing a slower-than-anticipated ramp-up in our battery pack production. Demand for our commercial vehicle battery packs is increasing rapidly; however, our capacity installation to support that demand has progressed a little more slowly in 2023 than we planned. Second, we're currently seeing lower customer volumes on a North American EV program that is already in production. Finally, the Santroll, Rhombus and SSE acquisitions are expected to add approximately $75 million to 2023 revenue. Based on these expectations, we're projecting total 2023 revenue in the range of $14.2 billion to $14.6 billion, which compares to our prior guidance of $14.0 billion to $14.6 billion. Let's switch to margin. We continue to expect our full year adjusted operating margin to be in the range of 9.2% to 9.6%, which compares to our 2022 margin of 9.4%. Looking at the net impact of inflationary cost versus customer recoveries, our current expectations are that the net year-over-year impact of material cost inflation on full year margin is likely to be a 10 basis point to 20 basis point headwind. As it relates to R&D, our full year 2023 guidance continues to anticipate a $60 million to $70 million increase in eProduct-related R&D. With our ongoing success securing new electrified business wins, we're continuing to lean forward by investing more in R&D to support our eProduct portfolio. Excluding the impact of this planned increase in eProduct related R&D, our 2023 margin outlook contemplates the business delivering full year incrementals in the mid-teens. Based on this revenue and margin outlook, we're expecting full year adjusted EPS from continuing operations in the range of $3.50 to $3.85 per diluted share. Turning to free cash flow. We continue to expect that we'll deliver free cash flow from continuing operations in the range of $400 million to $500 million for the full year, excluding approximately $150 million in one-time cash costs related to the spin-off of PHINIA. That's our 2023 outlook.

Can you provide some insights on how we should interpret the guidance for the second half? It seems like there might be a slight decrease in margins. You're currently at 9.6% for the first half, but to reach the midpoint of the guidance, it looks like we should expect around 9.2% in the second half, despite slightly higher sales. Are there specific factors contributing to this decline? Are you taking into account any risks from the UAW strike in the second half?

Yes. I think you have the numbers right there, Colin. It's 9.6% in the first half and the midpoint of the guide is about 9.2% in the second half of the year. The biggest things that are happening, if you're really looking sequentially, like on a first half to second half basis, one is you have to look at the mix of our revenue as we go to this half of the year. Our eProducts revenue is ramping up in our guide about $450 million to $550 million first half to second half. And so we're converting on that nicely, about 15% on an all-in basis, which is good for a business that's really ramping up and incurring the costs that you normally expect for a start-up of production. At the same time, when you look at our revenue, keep in mind, our sequential outlook is that markets are effectively down first half to second half, about 6% and that's not unusual. It's just the way that our market assumptions work, which means that underlying that, the rest of our revenue, our foundational revenue is seeing a decline first half to second half, and that tends to come with higher decrementals. So when you look at that revenue mix going first half to second half, that's a bit of a drag on the margin that takes it down a bit. There's also a little bit of incremental inflation first half to second half, a little bit of incremental R&D, but that's really the overall picture. The bottom line from our perspective, we're pretty pleased with the fact that we're driving 13% to 16% full year organic growth year-over-year and sustaining that 9.2% to 9.6% margin outlook.

Got it. And any UAW risk in the second half there? Or is that sort of not in the guidance?

We haven't put anything in the guidance. I mean it's hard for us to sit here and guess with a crystal ball what that might look like. What I can tell you is just so you can dimension maybe your assessment of the exposure that we have. If we look at our North American exposure to Ford, Stellantis, and GM, across Mexico and the U.S. as we supply them. Our production runs about a little less than $250 million a month. So you can look at that, however you want in terms of assessing what you think some scenarios might be, but we haven't embedded anything in our guidance as it relates to potential strikes.

Got it. Lastly, you mentioned some slowing demand for one of your eProducts. There are concerns from automakers regarding the slowdown in EV adoption. At your Investor Day, you addressed the long-term balance between sales and margin. What should we consider in the near term? If EV adoption slows and doesn't pick up next year, could that affect your overall profitability? How should we approach the potential impact of a slowdown in EVs on your business?

Hey, Colin. So we've adjusted the topline for two main reasons. First, we have issues keeping up with the demand on battery pack, and despite a 350% year-over-year increase on our Gen 3 pack, we need more output. So we have all hands on deck, especially from a manufacturing engineering perspective. And remember, 1,000 buses or trucks is a $100 million revenue for BorgWarner. Also, we see that the production of the current North American EV output is not as high as expected. Those are the two main factors. If your question is around the change in our long-term outlook, the clear answer is absolutely not. It's not going to be a steady up line, right? It is going to be with years or quarters going higher, some going not as high and still good growth, but don't expect a straight line from high-voltage plug-in a bit growth.

I wanted to follow up on Colin's question. Fréd, considering the short-term perspective, EV production is increasing somewhat slower than anticipated, but it is still progressing. The long-term strategy clearly remains sound. However, could this situation improve margins in the short term as more conventional vehicles are produced, leading to better margins? I'm curious if this could enhance cash flow over the next one to two years and support reinvestment into the transition for the future.

What I can share is that we are observing a robust customer demand. There is a consistent stream of product victories on a global scale. It's important to note that we are focusing on hybrids, particularly high-voltage plug-in hybrids. I concur with your point about the significance of sustaining strong margins in our core business, which is a key aspect of our Charging Forward 2027 initiative. That’s the message I want to convey.

Okay. And then just a follow-up on the onsemi announcement. I'm just curious what this means for the Wolfspeed deal? Or is this really just dual sourcing that might even go to triple sourcing over time? Is this sort of just sand or course? Or is there something specifically you're getting out of onsemi that you wouldn't get it with Wolfspeed or does it put the Wolfspeed deal at risk? And how should we interpret all of this?

It's all about supply chain resiliency. We're happy with the Wolfspeed capacity corridor. Wolfspeed is our largest silicon carbide supplier and we are putting in place additional agreements. It's all about security and supply chain resiliency.

I appreciate all the reconciliation details for the PHINIA spin. Can you just update us on where net leverage actually sits post-spin and how much dry powder you have in your view for M&A?

Yes. I mean what I'd say is you can see some of the metrics we have as of quarter end. But the one thing that doesn't get reflected in the quarter end numbers is that when we executed the spin-off, there was an inflow of cash to BorgWarner, so effectively on July 3 of about $450 million. And that was because PHINIA issued $800 million of debt and then retained about $350 million for its cash balances and remitted the rest back to BorgWarner. So when you look at our balance sheet, you can see what the balance sheet looks like, and you have to think there's another $450 million out there. From our perspective, the way we think about our leverage profile is we'll continue to manage that in a way that we drive toward keeping below 2x on a gross debt-to-EBITDA basis. And we'll look at whatever actions we might need to take over the coming quarters to get there. But I think overall, what it means is it doesn't slow down our ability to execute from an M&A perspective opportunistically as we see the opportunities that might be able to help strengthen our product leadership position in electrification.

And a follow-up to that, I mean, good commentary on Eldor and you've done quite a lot of M&A over the last few years. But just give us a view of the pipeline now. And there have been some comments on this call and others around what the puts and takes of a slower-than-expected EV adoption rate might mean for the industry. Curious to know how that might be impacting the pipeline in terms of potential candidates for acquisition?

No. We continue to look at opportunities in a very disciplined way as we've done in the past. We're happy with the portfolio that we have. If those opportunities can strengthen our electrification capabilities and accelerate the EV transition, we look at them again in a very disciplined way.

Okay. Maybe just one more. You mentioned the pace of battery production ramp. I mean again, very high growth. So not necessarily getting to the full level you expected. But can you help us characterize that? I don't believe Seneca expansion was factored in that, right? I mean that's not until next year. So what are the gating factors? Is it labor? Is it process equipment? Is it cathode or other materials? Just trying to understand the gating factors on production.

It is equipment that is related to manufacturing equipment. It's going to take us about 18 to 24 months to get to the 2027 capacity that is required. We've announced about $1.3 billion of revenue in battery packs in 2027. And we're working on ramping that up as fast as we can for all our customers, especially in the Western world.

My first question is on the ePropulsion margin progression. It's good to see the sequential improvement as compared to the first quarter. The improved margins you see on the slide benefited from that higher revenue, roughly flat eR&D sequentially and second quarter customer recovery of first half material cost inflation from suppliers. Despite a modestly lower full year revenue outlook for our ePropulsion segment, we continue to expect a slightly positive segment margin in Q4.

Yes. I mean the way we're looking at it is achieving that breakeven, actually positive margin at the end of the fourth quarter is a solid jump off into 2024. I mean you might remember, we talked about it before. If you look at our quarter end Q4 2022, ePropulsion was actually slightly positive. But we know it was on the back largely of increased recoveries from an R&D perspective. And so at that moment, it wasn't really a sustained positive margin profile. As we get to the end of this year and achieve that positive margin profile, it's more because of the scale that we're generating in the business and the conversion on that incremental revenue. So I think it positions us to have a 2024 that's also positive and growing from there.

That's very clear. And then one follow-up on the small change in the full year guidance. So the organic growth as outlook is somewhat better, thanks to better production. But then you left your operating margin range essentially unchanged. What are sort of some of the puts and takes in that?

Yes. I mean we didn't move the upper end of the range. Obviously, we kept the $14.6 billion of revenue. So we didn't really move much there. We do have a little bit of incremental conversion coming on the increase at the bottom end of the range. But there's not a significant amount of movement to really comment on. So our 9.2% margin at the bottom end of the range held. I mean if you're looking at it from a pure operating income perspective, you got a little bit of incremental conversion and then you have a little bit of FX headwind that's impacting us as well.

Fréd, for starters, just be great to get your perspective on the competitive landscape power electronics outside of inverters. If you could just talk about the fragmentation you see right now and the level of synergy that you would expect or even that customers have told you with the fact that you're already a major player in inverter in bringing that to things like onboard charger and other related products.

What we're doing with inverters, onboard chargers, and DC converters, as well as from a charging standpoint, is fundamentally about power conversion. We can convert DC to AC, AC to DC, and DC to DC, but at its core, it's all about power conversion. Therefore, the synergies from engineering, purchasing, and product similarity perspectives are quite substantial.

Okay. And then for my follow-up, just wondering if you've commented or could comment on what the geographic mix of eProduct revenue looks like sitting here in 2023, I guess, I'm thinking of the downside risk, say, customer delays in North America, which showed up in the revision numbers this morning relative to China pushing higher in the back half of the year? How should we just think about that mix between, I guess, broadly North America, Europe and China in eProduct?

Yes. I would say what we're really seeing is, particularly as you look at that $450 million to $550 million of ramp-up going from first half to second half in eProducts, an important piece of that ramp-up is really coming in the ePropulsion segment, which is really being driven by product launches and ramp-up in China. So we have a healthy mix of product revenue across the globe. But as we ramp up here in the back half of 2023, China is a big piece of that ramp-up.

Wanted to first just start with a question on your growth dynamics. And I know you have walked away from providing an explicit growth over market target, but the implied number for the year is 9% to 12%. You just did 7% in the second quarter. So if you could maybe just give us a sense of what's driving acceleration into the back half of the year? It sounds like part of it is eProducts. But to what extent is it also that you're seeing further traction on the foundational business?

Dan, you're right. At the midpoint, outgrowth is 1,000 basis points or 1,050 basis points. It's driven by eProduct, it's a significant driver for this outgrowth and actually, second half is even higher than the first half. 2021 was also above 1,000 basis points outgrowth and it's difficult to time it. Customer pricing plays also overall on a full year basis with 170 basis points. So this is what I would tell you, and eProducts plays a significant role in this, and you see that also first half to second half.

And the foundational business, is that playing any role here? Or is this purely driven by eProduct?

The foundational business continues to outperform overall. The main reason the second half is significantly stronger than the first half is due to the increase in eProducts revenue, which is expected to rise by $450 million to $550 million from the first half to the second half. It's important to note that, despite global market downturns during this period, eProducts revenue is still projected to increase by this amount, making it a major contributor to our growth.

Okay. Great. And then as a follow-up relatedly, I was wondering if you could just talk about your hybrid business within the foundational piece. We heard last week from one of your large customers that they're taking efforts to accelerate hybrids outside of the plug-in hybrid. So maybe you can give us a sense for the latest that you're hearing on hybrids within the foundational piece, how accretive that is to CPV, how accretive it’s to margin? But maybe if you could just frame within foundational, how large it is today?

I don't think we've disclosed that. But what we've disclosed is $1.3 billion of hybrid in 2025 on the e-side. And on the foundational side, that would come on top. Most of the next-generation or current generation high-voltage plug-in hybrids that make a difference from meeting the regulatory environment especially in Europe and in China do carry turbos, do carry EGR and other products that we're making. So it is an important part, and we've always told you that the products that we retain play a key role into the growth of hybrids, especially high-voltage plug-in hybrids, which are part of the NEV environment in China also.

Is the extended range EVs? Is that somewhere where you play, meaning the non-plug-in?

We play in all kinds of hybrids. We play more in high-voltage plug-in hybrids, which are making a bigger difference from a fuel efficiency standpoint. But we do play into what we can call range extenders, whatever you call those types of powertrain.

I have a couple of strategic questions. Recently, there was a platform sharing agreement between Volkswagen and XPENG. As XPENG is a significant customer for you, could you discuss the importance of this for BorgWarner? Also, Stellantis mentioned on their earnings call that they're addressing the influx of Chinese products in Europe by optimizing low-cost sourcing. I'm curious if you view this trend as significant for you and whether it's more of a global or local issue regarding those lower-cost Chinese platforms and the potential implications for your business.

One of the key elements of our strategy was to scale quickly, and I think we've succeeded in that regard, particularly in China. We are producing eProducts for a range of companies including BYD, Changan, Chery, XPENG, Li Auto, and Great Wall. Additionally, we have a significant presence in North America and Europe. I won't elaborate further, but I believe this will be advantageous for suppliers with technology and scale, which is where we fit in.

So just to clarify that, Fréd, these kinds of platform sharing agreements, does that represent an expansion of your existing business? Or is it does it have no effect on you? And is it kind of a global thing? Or is this more of a China local thing?

I think is in the detail on your question, Rod, it depends on the platform and I don't think we have the granularity of what will happen across those different OEMs from the platform sharing standpoint. And we'll let you know if we can and when we can.

Can you just confirm what the net commodities impact was in the quarter and what you're now baking in for the full year? And then also with respect to the new slate of restructuring efforts that you outlined at the Analyst Day targeting $60 million to $70 million in savings by 2025 tied to your ICE operations. Is there anything hitting in the second half here?

In Q2, the net impact from commodities, after factoring in pricing against material inflation costs from suppliers, resulted in a positive effect of approximately $11 million. This was partly due to recovering from a weak Q1, where we saw minimal recoveries. In Q2, pricing contributed slightly over 2.5% to our revenues, which had a significant impact on the quarter, adding around 10 basis points to our margin. For the full year, we anticipate pricing growth to be between 1.5 to 2 points, with a net effect on our profit and loss expected to create a headwind of 10 to 20 basis points year-over-year. That summarizes the expected impact of net material inflation costs. Regarding restructuring, there are no unexpected developments as we move through the second half of the year. We are on track with the plans discussed during the June Investor Day and are realizing some savings each quarter related to those initiatives.

Got it. And then just a high-level question. If automakers begin to slow down their EV ambitions in some fashion over the coming years, whether it's demand related or production constrained. I don't imagine BorgWarner seeing any change in OEM intentions as of now. But if this does play out, would the simple response be for the company to flex R&D spend? Could this entail complexities and inefficiencies down the road for BorgWarner? Just curious on your high-level thoughts here on a topic that's gaining some traction.

James. The first thing I would tell you is that we play as a global player. You've seen the impact that we have in China, in Europe, in North America. So we looked at the acceleration of EV and electrification overall on the global scale and on a global scale, we see momentum. Again, if you think this is going to be a straight line, I think it's the wrong assumption. And we're ready to flex. We are also ready to maintain strong margin on our foundational business, which is absolutely part of one of the three simple pillars of Charging Forward, and this is going to be important no matter what.

And maybe the last thing I would add to that, James, it's why we laid out the scenarios at Investor Day like we did is because while we have our expectations on how the market is going to evolve over the coming years and we're marching toward that, we recognize that there could be some additional upside to the e-markets growing and additional downside to that. And that's why as you look at the portfolio and the way we've constructed it, it's resilience on any of these scenarios and drives operating income performance that we think is relatively comparable under lots of different outcomes like that. So that's why the portfolio is constructed the way it is.

With that, I'd like to thank you all for your great questions today. If you have any follow-ups, feel free to reach out to me or my team. With that, Chelsea, you can go ahead and conclude today's call.